What Is Breast Cancer - 937 Words

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States. Up to 6% of breast cancers are advanced or metastatic at the time of diagnosis, requiring chemotherapy1, 2. Aberrant, accelerated growth is a hallmark of cancer3, including breast cancer. The rapid expansion of treatments targeted to aberrant cell growth – for example, cell cycle targeted chemotherapies for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer – allows for precise targeting of specific alterations in tumor cell proliferation pathway with the goal of reducing tumor cellular proliferation and increase tumor cell death while minimizing toxicities associated with chemotherapy. The growing application of†¦show more content†¦This review focuses on currently investigational cell proliferation imaging PET radiotracers to evaluate tumor proliferation in the setting of cell cycle targeted chemotherapy and endocrine therapy for meta static breast cancer. We review the underlying biology associated with cancer proliferation and cell cycle-targeted drugs, followed by a review of the mechanistic underpinnings of cell proliferation tracers, and finally, their application to therapy targeted to aberrant breast cancer proliferation. Cell cycle and proliferation control: Enhancing endocrine therapy with combination with cell cycle targeting agents Proliferating cells must progress through 4 phases of cell cycle to divide (G1, S, G2 and M); however, they may exit cell cycle and enter quiescence (G0) when stressed or deprived of their biological stimuli (for example in breast cancer with estrogen deprivation)7, 8. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play a key role in controlling cell cycle progression. Among these kinases, CDK4/6 is the key regulator of G1 to S transition by controlling transcription of genes necessary for cell cycle progression. This kinase is activated upon binding to cyclin D, leading to expression of genes required for S-phase entry9. This tightly regulated cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex isShow MoreRelatedWhat is Breast Cancer? What is the Cause of it?1328 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Breast Cancer? What is the Cause of it? Breast cancer is cancer cells that develop in the breast of a woman. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ. The cancer cells develop in the milk ducts of the breast. Doctors and researchers do not exactly know the cause of cancer. All they know is that it usually occurs when a cell’s DNA is damaged. When cells in the breast start to develop abnormally they begin to develop quicker than the normal cells. They also keep multiplyingRead MoreWhat Is Biotechnology And Its Ramification To Breast Cancer1101 Words   |  5 PagesBiotechnology and its Ramification to Breast Cancer According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2014; 236,968 women and 2,141 men in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer. And 41,211 women and 465 men in the United States died from breast cancer (U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group, 2017). That volume of death could have drastically been decreased if the clinicians, physicians, and oncologists utilized the Mammaprint. To understand the way Mammaprint makesRead MoreEssay Breast Cancer961 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is everywhere. The pink ribbons, the â€Å"I heart boobies† bracelets, and the thousands of breast cancer walks all over the United States. These all contribute to breast cancer organizations. Over one hundred million dollars has been raised to support breast cancer. This may not seem serious by the promotions and jokes that these organizations pull support from, but don’t forget the millions of people who have breast cancer. Breast cancer affects, approximately, an eighth of all AmericanRead MoreReviewing The Topic Of Breast Cancer987 Words   |  4 Pagesresearching the topic of Breast Cancer. In this introduction, it will include a problem about the topic and a valid solution in who to solve it. It also discusses the research and research methods put into this technical report, personal qualifications, work schedule, and lastly a table in which lists a time schedule in which this report will be completed. Introduction Breast cancer has a significant amount of impact on the women, men, and families it effects.Breast cancer is only made of topic oneRead MoreCancer Is A Word That Most Everyone Fears. It Affects Millions1203 Words   |  5 PagesCancer is a word that most everyone fears. It affects millions of lives on an everyday basis. However, breast cancer seems to grab more attention due to its recurrence. According to an article in Opposing Viewpoints, breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal breast cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. Breast cancer is highly common amongst today’s society, and has sparked much research in the medical field worldwide. Contrary to popular belief, breast cancer is not a modern illnessRead MoreBreast Cancer Prevention and Education Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"Breast cancer is the common disease of women in the United States, other than skin cancer.† After lung cancer, it is the leading secondary cause of cancer death in women. It helps to have some basic facts about the normal makeup of the breasts to understand breast cancer. In the past, this disease was one of the most feared forms of cancer due to its fatality rate and because complete recovery often required breast removal. The best way to fight this diseaseRead MoreCauses And Treatments Of Breast Cancer1587 Words   |  7 PagesWHAT IS CANCER? Cancer can be said to be a generic term for a large collection of diseases that can have an effect on any part of the body, it can be sometimes called malignant tumors and neoplasms. In other words, cancer can be defined as the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their normal boundaries, which are capable of invading adjoining parts of the body and spread through to the organs. However, this process is referred to as metastasis, which is the major cause of death fromRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Disease1737 Words   |  7 PagesWyrick 1 Leah Wyrick Ms. Basinger AP Language and Composition 12 May 2017 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advancesRead MoreLeah Wyrick. Ms. Basinger. Ap Language And Composition.1685 Words   |  7 PagesLeah Wyrick Ms. Basinger AP Language and Composition 12 May 2017 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease in which most commonly occurs in all women no matter their size, shape, race, or ethnicity. About one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer every year, a fatal disease if not discovered early. Early detection of breast cancer is key so that cancerous cells found in the breast do not spread through other parts of the body. On a positive note, however, significant advances have beenRead MoreOverview of Breast Cancer Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesIf you or a loved one were diagnosed with breast cancer, how would you feel? You would probably feel very afraid and worried. Breast cancer is a common and potentially deadly form of cancer that affects both men and women. There are risk factors for getting the disease and there are different types of treatment for people who have been diagnosed with the disease. There are also steps that people can take to try to prevent getting breast cancer or at least catch it early. Luckily there are many

Multi-Disciplinary Free Essays

Effects of Multi-Disciplinary Approaches There are various ways to approach and solve problems. Such approaches include multi-disciplinary perspectives and strictly disciplinary perspectives. To effectively solve a problem a person should gather an array of information from a series of different sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-Disciplinary or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a person takes this approach towards a certain problem or situation, they are taking a multi-disciplinary approach. As defined in the Webster’s American Dictionary: College Edition, multidisciplinary is the â€Å"combining of several specialized branches of learning or fields of expertise† (Multidisciplinary 526). However, if one choses to â€Å"relate to a specific field of study† versus a variety of fields, they are taking a strictly disciplinary approach when resolving a certain situation or issue (Disciplinary 228). There are advantages and disadvantages to both a multidisciplinary approach and a disciplinary approach however one may find a multidisciplinary approach to be more efficient. Advantages to a multi-disciplinary approach include being able to apply different aspects to a certain situation as well as weighing the pros and cons. When a person has a decision to make, they have a solution that they think is best for that decision. If multiple people add their insights to help make the decision, a better solution is made. By adding different aspects to a certain problem or issue, a better solution is resulted. Also, through a multi-disciplinary approach, a person is able to obtain ideas that have worked for people in the past and ideas that have not been successful to evaluate the best solution to a problem. A disadvantage to multi-disciplinary approaches is that with more aspects presented, it could take more time to reach a conclusion due to some people disagreeing with others. Nonetheless, a solution is usually eventually reached where most parties are satisfied. With certain societal problems, multi-disciplinary approaches often lead to better solutions. When there is a problem in society, society has to come up with a solution that will benefit everybody, not just a select few. If society used a strictly disciplinary approach to these problems, not everyone would be satisfied leading to other problems within society. By taking a multi-disciplinary approach to these societal problems, society has the chance to cater and please a greater amount of people. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach can lead to better solutions with a greater amount of people pleased but society cannot please everyone. Although a multi-disciplinary approach to societal problems is not the ultimate solution, it still has a better effect than a strictly disciplinary approach. When a person takes a multi-disciplinary approach, they are getting feedback and information from a variety of different sources. If many different aspects are presented in a situation, it allows someone to gather information and then decide what points they will use in their situation. For example when deciding what was important to make New Orleans an excellent city, our First Year Experience class researched different fields of study and components of a city to answer the question of what was necessary for New Orleans to strive. By taking parts of all the different fields of study including the arts, government, education and sports, and applying them to New Orleans, an excellent city with variation could be made. However, if New Orleans only focused on one field of study, the city would not have any variation. Although multi-disciplinary approaches usually result in better solutions than strictly disciplinary approaches, difficulties still arise with multi-disciplinary approaches. For example with more than one source being contributed to a situation, little problems could arise with not everyone agreeing with a conclusion. Also, when making a multi-disciplinary decision, one has to decide what aspects to use from others, making it longer to obtain a solution. Not all aspects presented in a multi-disciplinary approach are applicable to the solution that is being made as well. In a disciplinary approach, a person can make a decision quickly and easily but they lack the insight from others. For instance if a doctor needed help making a decision about what medicine to prescribe for their patient, he would not consult someone who is not educated to do so, but instead make the decision on his own because he is trained to. In this situation, a disciplinary approach may be the better option. Overall the advantages of a multi-disciplinary approach outweigh the disadvantages. Being able to obtain outside sources to solve a problem presents more information to make a better and more adequate solution to problems. A strictly disciplinary approach is still a good approach to certain issues but it does not always provide the best answer to the issue. Even though there are obstacles when making a multi-disciplinary decision such as time and not all parties agreeing, a solution is eventually made to benefit all parties and to resolve a problem. Without multi-disciplinary approaches in society and everyday life, we would not be able to get outside information to make better life choices and decisions. Works Cited â€Å"Disciplinary. † Def. Webster’s American Dictionary. College Edition. 1997. Print. â€Å"Multidisciplinary. † Def. Webster’s American Dictionary. College Edition. 1997. Print. How to cite Multi-Disciplinary, Papers

Crisis Management Heatlh

Question: Write an article onCrisis management in the Health Sector; Qualities and characteristics of health crisis managers . Answer: This article is about the challenges and the way of facing the challenges in the health sector. As per Efstathiou, Panos and Dafni , the health sector has the dynamic challenge in the field of the international and regional advancements, where the growing population is a major threat. In this paper, it has been observed that the health crisis management can be managed through a high level of co-ordination and well developed action plan. Since human life and individual wellbeing are principally included, therapeutic preparing of the director can be a benefit. All things considered, emergency administration skills can be connected to an extensive variety of wellbeing experts who are relied upon to perform at various levels, as indicated by understanding, proficient part, level of instruction, or employment work. The approach of the wellbeing emergency administrator must be careful, his idea must be algorithmic, choices and activities must be composed and desires must be practical. With appropriate readiness and arranging, the emergency chief is fit for remaining on top of the circumstance and managing the difficulties adequately. Adaptability, evasion of opinion, versatility to the conditions and fast decisional limit are essential characteristics of wellbeing emergency administrators. Wellbeing emergency administration includes the most vital human esteem. Wellbeing emergencies may trash human lives for long and have a variable social effect. In these terms, the emergency supervisor should be to a great degree cautious and kind when speaking with people in general. The activities of the managers of the health organizations must suggest social affectability and intrigue, in light of the necessities of the general public and the general population. At present, the society needs the health professionals who will take care about the patients well as well as take the responsibilities of managing the crisis. Today's chiefs must have a worldwide perspective of operatio ns procedure. Fast development in world exchange and developing markets like china and Eastern Europe implies that numerous associations augment their operations internationally. From the exchange, it can be inferred that the emergencies anticipation or emergencies administration require practical structures and submitted HR, that is fulfilled individuals who should will to participate in order to console the associations' advantages. Also, amid an emergency, customers can accuse any of the accompanying as being in charge of the mischief: the maker, the advertiser, the merchant, or the end-client (i.e. abuse of the item). Shoppers join their causal attributions with the moves that the organization makes to deal with the emergency, lastly choose whether or not the firm required in the item hurt emergency was effective in managing it. Absence of correspondence between representatives of any administration level, will be clear to people in general and presumably prompt to poor response of expansive results. Emergencies are by and large unforeseen and cause disturbance. One can never be completely arranged to manage such occasions effectively unless prepared to do as such. In that regard hypothetical preparing, conceptualizing, re-enactment works out, media preparing and quality review, ought to be a piece of worker and administration improvement programs. HR managers have been and will dependably be the way to authoritative issues and the reason of association issues also. Directors ought to exposed as a primary concern that representative execution may resolve emergencies and additionally cause them and thusly be proactive and concentrate on adaptable and continually enhancing authority styles. Human capital and crisis management This paper demonstrates the different types of relationships among the human capital and the crisis management in the organizations. The roles of the internal affairs ministry in the area of the crisis management have been discussed in this paper. Expanding mishaps and risky occasions happening at hierarchical and national levels have made it basic that appropriate basic and social plans are set up. A standout amongst the best methodologies is emergency administration (CM). Despite the fact that CM is by and large considered a current as opposed to a standard approach, it is in the West that it has picked up noticeable quality and assets are apportioned for compelling execution. This review is intended to address CM and ability in the Arab World. The article draws on late advancements in an assortment of fields, particularly humanism, administration, and universal relations. More essential, the article makes a solid contention that CM is bound to disappointment without satisfactory p reparing, learning, and advancement of human capital. For this very reason, the article plots certain techniques to improve successful adapting to emergencies and better execution of CM. These systems don't concentrate exclusively on the individual additionally on the association and its way of life. The review builds up a grouping of Arab associations as far as their preparation to hazard administration. Crisis Management in Todays Business Environment: HRs Strategic Role This paper is about the different types of responsibilities of an HR in the crisis management. Management of the crisis is extensively characterized as an association's pre-established exercises and rules for get ready and reacting to critical calamitous occasions or occurrences (i.e., fires, seismic tremors, serious tempests, work environment brutality, kidnappings, bomb dangers, demonstrations of fear based oppression, and so on.) in a sheltered and viable way. Amid an emergency, one of the parts of a pioneer is to make and maintain the association's believability and trust among emergency partners (e.g., administration, representatives, clients, providers, accomplices, groups, speculators, media, government, particular vested parties). Contingent upon the emergency circumstance, a's pioneer will probably help the association in coming back to profitability. Generally speaking, it is essential to secure and maintain the association's notoriety, image and incentive in the marketplac e. Thus, one of HR's vital parts is to concentrate on administration qualities, for example, vital considering, correspondence, strengthening, trust and uprightness, while considering progression making arrangements for emergency administration. Subsequently of an emergency, companies may lose labors, alongside key ability and hierarchical information, from low confidence, fear, physical movement or passing. As found in the result of Hurricane Katrina, workforce issues tend to quickly heighten from an emergency. One of the basic parts of HR is to help the association create recuperation arranges. These systems ought to address the security, wellbeing and welfare of workers some time recently, amid and after a crisis. Emergency readiness, reaction and recuperation are basic to help individuals start to recoup. Helping workers accomplish a feeling of regularity is likewise an imperative consider tending to the "human side of an emergency". Risk Issues and Crisis Management in Public Relations This paper is about the crisis management in the public relations. In todays business, the leaders are greedy and undisturbed about long-term welfare of the companies. In the complex environment, the organizations should recognize as well as react to rapid shifting values, increase in expectations and strain of the public discussion as well as enhance in news media. The organizations should perform as well as behave socially with the stakeholders. The risks are identified into the business organization due to change of societal values, change in technological innovation, pressure of cost as well as time. Those factors cause risk issues. When the organizations are facing issues, effective risk communication plan is introduced to understand the emotion of public. The business should require familiarizing with cyclical expansion of the risk issues. Therefore, a proper communication strategy is needed. Most required is to remove of fault line among financial as well as sustainable succes s. ADVOCACY APPROACH is used by the organization, which aims to influence the decisions regarding political, financial as well as social systems. Public consultation builds conversation into the process of communication. Proper communication process minimizes the disagreement as well as achieves of balancing scales to protect and develop the business. There are lack of outside-in-thinking into the organizations, it gives rise to the precautionary principle. Precautionary Principle to the risk management demonstrates that if there is any managerial policy that has risk, then it sources harm to public in nonexistence of technical consensus. Outside of thinking is based on the ability of organization to remove from one-way information flow towards conversation with stakeholders group. The organization should at first removes conflict among the stakeholders so that they can make a good relationship with the society. Therefore, it is analyzed that failed to do so results into loss of org anization success and brand image. High-Impact Human Capital Strategy: Addressing the 12 Major Challenges Today The paper is about implementation of human capital strategy into the business to remove the major business challenges. Now, the twelve challenges are introduced in the paper are high investment level for the human capital, lack of HR programs in organization, lack of talent management and employee dissatisfaction. There are also cultural challenges, employee safety issues, societal issues, lack of technology use, globalization, environment and energy issues, lack of leadership and lack of use of big data analytics. The identified strategies are business alignment, global leadership, performance and innovation, technology use, analytics and big data. The human capital has some major issues in the organization such as employees cost is the largest expense. It brings the human capital into executives focus. Cost should be controlled, but they concern about the return of investment. Human capital is the source of competitive advantage. Most of the organizations should have access to fina ncial resources as well as technology. Under the human capital, there are capital assets that the organization should consider as important asset. The human capital has the capability to provide solutions to the customers and improve their organizational goals and aims. From the global perspective, human capital is taken as one of the issue within the organization. The organizational management focuses on the human capital issues. Therefore, focus on the human capital is contributed to paradigm shift as the dimension of human capital as well as asset. Two barriers are introduced in the paper that restricts to prevent the business from treating the human capital. One is walk the talk and second is ownership. Within the organization, employees are treated as most important assets, but they are taken as expenditure and asset, they have to save their cost and revenue. The senior executives own human capital. They should take measures to improve human capital. Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry: Beating the Odds? This paper introduces crisis management into the tourism industry. The tourism industry is influenced by political changes and natural disasters. Crisis management into tourism industry helps them to become success in the difficult situation. It helps to plan and execute process directing in the way to manage bad effects of crisis as well as natural disasters. The risk management strategies in the tourism industry address the possible risks. The industry should think of safety of their visitors, secure system in order to interact with persons, buildings security, training to people on disaster management and supply of resources when required. Therefore, the tourism industry is most vulnerable to crisis. Crisis management is required for the industry in order to avoid of terrible publicity into the market, harm to the feasibility of the industry. The accomplishment deals with crisis event lies inside effectual pre-crisis planning. From the lessons learned, it is analyzed that the tour ism industry should prepare a contingency plans for their business. The managerial roles and their responsibilities are defined properly. The management team should take important decisions regarding crisis management. The decisions should be taken at the operational level of the tourism industry for effective success in the market. Crisis management is involved with feedback loop back, after over of pre-crisis stages. It also enables that industry should understand their mistakes from learning and then prepare their team for next possible crisis. Some the crisis identified are natural crisis, which are caused due to earthquakes, floods and others. Civil conflicts are due to political stress within a country. It causes violence within the country. Failure in technology is associated with blackouts, crashes of airplanes as well as nuclear meltdown. When the entire possible crisis is properly handled, then it executes the crisis management plan to manage bad effects of crisis as well as natural disasters. Crisis, Issues and Reputation Management This paper depicts the importance of crisis management in different business organization to build effective reputation in the competitive marketplace. In the external and internal market of the organizations many people exist who judge the daily performance in terms of productivity and services of the business organization. The merged outcome of these factors is known as reputation of a business. The crisis and issue management and reputation of an organization are complimentary to teach other. If positive responses and controlled services are served by the business organizations then, it will help the organization to gain good reputation in the market. This paper has covered both the concept and importance of crisis management and reputation management as well. Lesser time is required to build reputation whereas; it can be destroyed in a fraction of seconds by a single mistake. The primary relationship between the organization and their stakeholders are also elaborated in this pape r. If a single customer from the group of consumers changes their requirement then, the organization will have to change their service pattern based on the changed requirement of the consumers. On the other hand, if they fail to serve so then that will affect the reputation of the business organization. Reputation is referred to as a strategic asset that is needed to be maintained by different enterprises to gain sustainable business growth in terms of reputation. The six phases of reputation risk life cycle is also illustrated in this paper. The stakeholders of an organization must provide active attention on all those factors that help to build its reputation. An organization should adapt a list of crisis management and risk management categories so that it could face risky situation easily. After prediction and prevention of risks an organization can prepare reputation risk management processes. At the end of this paper the relationship between crisis management, issue management and risk management and reason for which these are interrelated to each other are elaborated. The Impact of 9/11 on Business and Economics: The Business of Terror This paper depicts the impact of 9/11 attack in the business and economics as well. The day of attack is still remembered as a day of terror. Based on the American economic perspectives it has been found that, in the year of 2000, the economy had already started to getting affected due to certain reasons and after the terror the affect came as a major disaster to American economy. The attack had extremely pressurized the tour and travelling industry of America. The sudden reduction in number of tourists affected the traveling and tourism business of America. Not only this but also the airlines industry also faced tremendous stress after the attack and took huge time for its recovery. The American government had to pay a lot to increase their direct and indirect security measures in the airport region. The Mideast war also increased the price of oil throughout in the year between 2001 and 2008. However, the Nobel inner stated that for the Iraq war American government had to pay about three trillion dollars. Even in order to fight against the terror network just after the attack, they also had to pay a huge amount of money. The effects of terror in all other American industries are also elaborated in this paper. The after affect of the attack is also illustrated in this paper with care. After considering all the aspects it has been found that not only the American economy but the world economy has also got affected. The international financial industry is also affected due to the terror attack. The authors of the paper had gone through vast investigation on the insurance and risk management strategies. Moreover the developments in the war industry with emergence service are also elaborated. In order to understand the financial support network of the terrorists certain changes are required to be adapted, those are discussed in this paper. Apart from this, the financial market implications are also illustrated. Crisis Management and Emergency Planning: Preparing for Today's Challenges This paper depicts the importance of crisis management and emergence planning in order to prepare challenges in the competitive market. Both the terms disaster and incidents are complimentary to each other and from the beginning of the era it has been found that, the people who are not at all aware about history, will be in doom. Depending on the nature of the history, whether it should be repeated or not is decided or demanded. A large set of man- made as well as natural disasters had taken place worldwide. The natural disaster includes weather, chemical accidents, fire etc. Precaution against most of the natural disasters cannot be taken by human and thus, emergences of new technologies are very much important to be obtained. Not only technologies but also people have different devices that help to built effective communication between the service providers and the consumers. The improved methods of communication are also illustrated in this paper. Moreover, it can be said that the aim of the paper is to build crisis management system by adapting advanced technologies in terms of communication and devices as well. In order to fight against difficult situation people needs to adapt emergence planning before. Against the mad made attacks these technologies are helpful but for the natural attacks these technologies are not at all effective. Different policies and laws regarding emergence management technologies are required to be considered before preparing the technologies in the real world implementation against the natural and man-made disaster. Before affect and after affect of the disaster and the different factors that should be considered are also demonstrated in this paper. For facilitating the technologies proper vulnerabilities ang security are adapted with effective security survey. At the end of the paper, the radiological and nuclear incidents are illustrated.

Music Macro Environment free essay sample

Taking classical music as an example the complete opposite can be observed. Here, only 1 1 % of young people listen to it, whereas it is the second highest n he 65+ category. (Taylor, 2009) Figure 2. [2] (Taylor, 2009) This is important for the music industry to know, as there is a change of generations in our society today. While the earths population is getting older and older, but not enough children are born, there might be a change in music interests. However, it is not empirically proven that as soon as one gets old, one automatically starts listening to classical or country music. The first category generation in the figure below, will most likely take their music tastes with them and the generation after that will probably have different tastes. Regulatory In the Netherlands, the law allows downloading. People can copy a CD, DVD etc. , but thats only for personal use. Watching a downloaded movie with a group of people is not allowed. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Macro Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though the downloading is legal, the use of it is sometimes illegal. (Mixed. Nil, 2004-2009) Stitching Brain is an anti-piracy organization that fights for the rights of authors, publishers, performers, distributors and producers of music, film, books etc. BRAIN, 201 1) In the Netherlands there is a music copyright organization called Bum/Stemma. It consists of two organizations: Bum association and Stemma Foundation. They each have their own board, but they have their meetings together. Music is property of composers and writers. If people want to use their music, they have to pay for it. Burn/Stemma receives this money and gives it back to the affiliated music composers and writers. Bum/Stemma is founded to protect music copyright. When someone makes a new and original song, its his or her intellectual property.Music copyright needs to be covered by this concept of intellectual property. Music authors have the right to exploit their music so that they can earn money. They have to give others permission to use their sic. Music authors are allowed to ask for money if others use their music. Music authors have a personal connection with their music. They can object someone who wants to change the music drastically or if someone uses their music in a movie that they think is dubious. The performing artists and the producers also have their rights.They can ask for compensation if someone else performs their song, if a song is involved when CDC and records are produced, and if their song is played on the radio. These rights remain for fifty years after the first performance or production. Music copyright remains until seventy years after the death of the music author. (Bum/Stemma, n. D. ) According to section 13 of the Copyright Act, downloading of copyrighted digital content is like copying. Every form of downloading is making a copy. The right holder must give permission if someone wants to copy his content.Downloading is legal if someone wants to use it privately. It is regulated in sections bob and ICC Of the Copyright Act. Consumers are allowed to download content from peer to peer networks, websites and social networks, without the permission of the right holder. Anyone is allowed to make a copy or private use only if it fulfills the following conditions: Firstly, the content must be made by natural persons and not by businesses, institutions or organizations. Secondly, the content may not be for direct or indirect commercial aim. Thirdly, the content must be only for private practice, study or use.Also, the number of copies is limited. (Hugged et al. 2009) Economic It is a truth universally acknowledged that a lot of people use peer-to-peer file sharing and illegal downloads to obtain wished albums or singles and one could wonder how this influences the music sector. In general, the change room the physical distribution to digital distribution can be observed clearly throughout the years. In 2006, 307 million Euros were made by selling CDC (could also contain Alps and tapes), whereas in 2011 it had declined by 7. 4 % to 201 million Euros.At a closer look, one can see the biggest decline in the singles market where the total of sold singles only made a 1 million Euros profit. Compared to 5 years earlier, music videos also declined a lot; to 21 million Euros compared to 53 million 5 years earlier. There has also been a change with the albums, but not as radical as with the other two parts of the hysterical market Even though the amount earned on albums in 2011 is almost half of what was made in 2005, it is safe to say that people still like having an actual physical thing in their hands. Figure 2. (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009) As stated above, the opposite can be observed with the digital distribution. Compared to the Start Of the Internet era in 2005, the increase Of music bought online is major. The sales went from 5 million Euros to 40 millions, which means an increase of 200%. This total is divided into two parts, namely the Internet and mobile phones. As stated in the chapter about the genealogical changes, not only the Internet has become more prominent, but the opportunities that phones now provide us with enable us to buy and download music through these mediums, too.This means that in 201 1 10 million Euros were gained through purchases via mobile phones. (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009) Figure 2. 4 (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009) It should be noted that the figures used from 2009 and further on are only estimations and not actual figures. Technological New technology has been responsible for the growth of the music industry. First it was the LIP that everybody wanted, after the LIP the stereo dominated. A whole new market came to life with prerecorded cartridges and cassettes. But in the beginning of the 21st century, CDC dominated unit sales, leaving cassettes and Alps behind.But since the last four years, Internet is a big part of buying music. But it is not only buying music. Internet is also used for downloading the music illegally or only listening to the music on the Internet. (Cigarillos ; Scheme, 2003) The digitization of the consumption of music is still growing. The increase in the digital market is very important. Digitization has been influencing consumption, production, creation, striation, and also the artist, record company, publisher, live entertainment and consumer.The behavior of the consumer has changed because of technologies. Because of digitization, there is more globalization. The Dutch music industry benefits from the economies of scale of countries like the United States and Great Britain, who have been very successful internationally. Long tail and niche markets are easily accessible and inexpensive. Digital files are 24/7 on demand available for the consumer. Upcoming talent can upload tracks. The costs for the production of digital according are much lower.Retail costs can be saved by direct sale to consumers (online stores, download portals, artists websites) and online selling (tracks, CDC, DVDs, rhinestones, realtors, wallpapers, tickets, merchandise). Internet distribution is almost for free and environmentally friendly because products dont have to be transported. Promotion can also be used in a cheaper and easier way (social media, blobs, e-marketing). More and more artists are actively using international digital opportunities. They launch themselves through social networks such as Youth, Twitter, Backbone, Linked. The fans can just as well be living abroad. Through these social networks, fan sites and music sites, the consumer is accessible. There is new and direct contact. The consumer has opportunities for individualizing and customizing (buy individual tracks, make playbills, make CDC with their own personal choice of music, upload their own content or participate in a co- production). Foreign music is already available, fans dont need to wait for the release in their own country. It is possible to experience digital performances (bedposts, voodooist, audio or video streams).An active fan can provide rendition for the artist via the Internet. (Karaoke ; Fiction, 2009) Figure 2. 5. 1 (Exam, LILTS, 2007) Socio-Cultural The music industry has a lot of targeted genres that appeal to different kind of people. Those genres often subdivide. For example, rock music can split into soft rock, pop rock, heavy metal, modern rock, alternative rock, industrial, techno, punk, ask and jam bands. Music is one of the instances in which audiences are able to see and hear cultural products from outside the country. English pop and rock have had a strong presence and influence since the sass. Its easier for musicians from the Netherlands and other countries to break into the biggest music market in the world, the US market, because they are able to use social media and the Internet. People have more access to listen to different genres. They dont have to rely on the radio or the music shop. (Starboard et al. 2011) Figure 2. 53 (Exam, LILTS, 2007) Figure 2. 5. 2 (Exam, LILTS, 2007) Lots of music has influences from earlier music. There is also a lot of music that is influenced by new sources of music such as African and Asian music. Many cultures have their own styles of classical music and popular music.

3 Cases of Complicated Parenthetical Punctuation

3 Cases of Complicated Parenthetical Punctuation 3 Cases of Complicated Parenthetical Punctuation 3 Cases of Complicated Parenthetical Punctuation By Mark Nichol Inserting additional information into a sentence without careful consideration of sentence organization can create barriers to comprehension, especially when the parenthesis is complicated. Here are several sentences in which complex parenthetical phrases are not treated with care, followed by discussion and revision. 1. Consumers have the right to speak out or complain, and to seek compensation- payment or a replacement item- or redress- have a wrong corrected. Here, the use of dashes to set off a pair of parenthetical phrases confuses the reader’s eye; use mirror-image parenthetical marks instead for a clearer picture of the sentence’s syntactical organization: â€Å"Consumers have the right to speak out or complain, and to seek compensation (payment or a replacement item) or redress (have a wrong corrected).† 2. They had an unwavering belief that they simply could not- or maybe more accurately stated, would not- be defeated. Because â€Å"maybe more accurately stated† is a parenthesis within a parenthesis, a comma must precede as well as follow it: â€Å"They had an unwavering belief that they simply could not- or, maybe more accurately stated, would not- be defeated.† 3. If thorough controls are not in place, over time, as updates and changes are made to your environment, conflicts are likely to arise, posing varying levels of risk to your business and ultimately forcing you to revisit your design. The number of commas in this sentence is excessive; when the phrase â€Å"over time† and the rest of the parenthetical phrase (ending with environment) is transposed, the comma between them becomes extraneous and the sentence structure is clearer: â€Å"If thorough controls are not in place, as updates and changes are made to your environment over time, conflicts are likely to arise, posing varying levels of risk to your business and ultimately forcing you to revisit your design.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouEnglish Grammar 101: Verb MoodTitled versus Entitled

How To Calculate Avogadros Number Experimentally

How To Calculate Avogadro's Number Experimentally Avogadros number isnt a mathematically derived unit. The number of particles in a mole of a material is determined experimentally. This method uses electrochemistry to make the determination. You may wish to review the working of electrochemical cells before attempting this experiment. Purpose The objective is to make an experimental measurement of Avogadros number. Introduction A mole can be defined as the gram formula mass of a substance or the atomic mass of an element in grams. In this experiment, electron flow (amperage or current) and time are measured in order to obtain the number of electrons passing through the electrochemical cell. The number of atoms in a weighed sample is related to electron flow to calculate Avogadros number. In this electrolytic cell, both electrodes are copper and the electrolyte is 0.5 M H2SO4. During electrolysis, the copper electrode (anode) connected to the positive pin of the power supply loses mass as the copper atoms are converted to copper ions. The loss of mass may be visible as pitting of the surface of the metal electrode. Also, the copper ions pass into the water solution and tint it blue. At the other electrode (cathode), hydrogen gas is liberated at the surface through the reduction of hydrogen ions in the aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The reaction is:2 H(aq) 2 electrons - H2(g)This experiment is based on the mass loss of the copper anode, but it is also possible to collect the hydrogen gas that is evolved and use it to calculate Avogadros number. Materials A direct current source (battery or power supply)Insulated wires and possibly alligator clips to connect the cells2 Electrodes (e.g., strips of copper, nickel, zinc, or iron)250-ml beaker of 0.5 M H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)WaterAlcohol (e.g., methanol or isopropyl alcohol)A small beaker of 6 M HNO3 (nitric acid)Ammeter or multimeterStopwatchAn analytical balance capable of measuring to nearest 0.0001 gram Procedure Obtain two copper electrodes. Clean the electrode to be used as the anode by immersing it in 6 M HNO3 in a fume hood for 2-3 seconds. Remove the electrode promptly or the acid will destroy it. Do not touch the electrode with your fingers. Rinse the electrode with clean tap water. Next, dip the electrode into a beaker of alcohol. Place the electrode onto a paper towel. When the electrode is dry, weigh it on an analytical balance to the nearest 0.0001 gram. The apparatus looks superficially like this diagram of an electrolytic cell except that you are using two beakers connected by an ammeter rather than having the electrodes together in a solution. Take beaker with 0.5 M H2SO4 (corrosive!) and place an electrode in each beaker. Before making any connections be sure the power supply is off and unplugged (or connect the battery last). The power supply is connected to the ammeter in series with the electrodes. The positive pole of the power supply is connected to the anode. The negative pin of the ammeter is connected to the anode (or place the pin in the solution if you are concerned about the change in mass from an alligator clip scratching the copper). The cathode is connected to the positive pin of the ammeter. Finally, the cathode of the electrolytic cell is connected to the negative post of the battery or power supply. Remember, the mass of the anode will begin to change as soon as you turn the power on, so have your stopwatch ready ! You need accurate current and time measurements. The amperage should be recorded at one minute (60 sec) intervals. Be aware that the amperage may vary over the course of the experiment due to changes in the electrolyte solution, temperature, and position of the electrodes. The amperage used in the calculation should be an average of all readings. Allow the current to flow for a minimum of 1020 seconds (17.00 minutes). Measure the time to the nearest second or fraction of a second. After 1020 seconds (or longer) turn off the power supply record the last amperage value and the time. Now you retrieve the anode from the cell, dry it as before by immersing it in alcohol and allowing it to dry on a paper towel, and weigh it. If you wipe the anode you will remove copper from the surface and invalidate your work! If you can, repeat the experiment using the same electrodes. Sample Calculation The following measurements were made: Anode mass lost: 0.3554 grams (g)Current(average): 0.601 amperes (amp)Time of electrolysis: 1802 seconds (s) Remember:One ampere 1 coulomb/second or one amp.s 1 coulombThe charge of one electron is 1.602 x 10-19  coulomb Find the total charge passed through the circuit.(0.601 amp)(1 coul/1amp-s)(1802 s) 1083  coulCalculate the number of electrons in the electrolysis.(1083 coul)(1 electron/1.6022 x 1019coul) 6.759 x 1021  electronsDetermine the number of copper atoms lost from the anode.The electrolysis process consumes two electrons per copper ion formed. Thus, the number of copper (II) ions formed is half the number of electrons.Number of Cu2  ions  ½ number of electrons measuredNumber of Cu2  ions (6.752 x 1021  electrons)(1 Cu2  / 2 electrons)Number of Cu2  ions 3.380 x 1021  Cu2  ionsCalculate the number of copper ions per gram of copper from the number of copper ions above and the mass of copper ions produced.The mass of the copper ions produced is equal to the mass loss of the anode. (The mass of the electrons is so small as to be negligible, so the mass of the copper (II) ions is the same as the mass of copper atoms.)mass loss of electrode mass of Cu2  ions 0.3554 g3.380 x 1021  Cu2  ions / 0.3544g 9.510 x 1021  Cu2  ions/g 9.510 x 1021  Cu atoms/g Calculate the number of copper atoms in a mole of copper, 63.546 grams.Cu atoms/mole of Cu (9.510 x 1021  copper atoms/g copper)(63.546 g/mole copper)Cu atoms/mole of Cu 6.040 x 1023  copper atoms/mole of copperThis is the students  measured  value of  Avogadros  number!Calculate percent error.Absolute error: |6.02 x 1023  - 6.04 x 1023  | 2 x 1021Percent error: (2 x 10 21 / 6.02 x 10 23)(100) 0.3 %

Risk assessment( example more likely to be killed by a falling air Term Paper

Risk assessment( example more likely to be killed by a falling air craft part or eaten by a shark) - Term Paper Example Individuals also need it to enhance their hindsight. This paper analyses two such relevant arguments, both for and against. Risk assessment is a process that incorporates five major stages in order to curb any chances of danger. The processes of examination differ greatly depending on the complexity of the risk at hand, however; the following stages are commonest in most organizations and companies. Identification of the hazard is the first stage, and this refers to anything that may cause an accident, for instance chemicals, open sewages, and open electrical wires. This stage involves identifying how the hazard may cause hard to other people. For every identifiable hazard, the assessor should be able to clarify whoever is likely to be affected by the hazard. This involves both individuals and groups of people, though; it does not involve writing down the names of every single individual. Having spotted the hazard and the people who are likely to be affected, an action has to be taken. This stage involves taking all the reasonable precautions in order to curb the expected risk. Recording the results of the risk assessment process and implementing them is a critical stage. This involves putting the risk assessment results into action in order to minimize the probability of the related forms of danger. The final stage calls for the assessment of the entire process. The final stage is critical in the evaluation of the procedures used to review the risk assessment process and helps in the making of any possible adjustments. The departments of fisheries in various countries have considered water activity choice, depth of the water, distance away from the shore, presence and population of marine sharks and temperature of water as key risk factors of being eaten by the shark (Ian, 121). In Western Australia, for instance, those bathing within 25 meters away from the shores of its capital, Perth, are safer

Gifts In The Chinese And American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Gifts In The Chinese And American Culture - Essay Example There are many things that you should know before giving a gift to a Chinese person.There are many things that you should know before giving a gift to a Chinese person.1. Unacceptable gifts in the Chinese culture. Clocks: Do not give a clock to a Chinese person because it is associated with death. It means that it will soon be time for you to die.b. Book: Do not give a book to a Chinese person because giving a book means that you are delivering a defeat.c. Umbrella: Do not give an umbrella as a gift to a Chinese person because giving it means that the family of the gift receiver is going to break up. Fans: Avoid giving a fan. US-China business solution Website states that a Chinese bride gives fans to her parents, which symbolizes that she is leaving them for her husband. Therefore a fan symbolizes separation.2. Acceptable gifts in the Chinese culture.a. Cognac. Fine whiskeys. Quality wines. Giving banquet is the most respectable gift in the Chinese workplace environment.  Transiti on: Giving gifts in China could be a sensitive issue.1. When to give in China?When you are giving a gift in China it is better to do it privately or to everyone at one time.2. Things you should know before giving a gift.a. ColorsRed and pink mean respectively good luck, wealth, happiness while white and green means death, funerals.b. MannersPresent your gift with two arms and the receiver will do the same.Transition: Now that we have discussed the gift-giving in the Chinese culture, let compare it to the American culture which is less complex.B. Appropriateness and timing are very important while giving a gift in the American workplace environment.1. TimingGifts should never be given in the following situation: a. During the process of bidding. The waiting period for contract renewals. During negotiation.Gifts could be given in the following situation: a. Special occasions (Christmas, the birth of a child, death in a family).b. Recognizing an employee  c. As a token of gratitude.2 . Unacceptable and acceptable gifts in the American workplace environment; a. cash, jewelry, and expensive gifts are unacceptable.b.bottle of wine, the gift card of small value, pen, a basket of fruit or cheese.Transition: The points I mentioned earlier cover the proper and professional ways to give and receive gifts in the Chinese and American workplace culture. Let me review them for you.

A Study of Sergei Eisenstein’s Montage Theory Essay Example for Free

A Study of Sergei Eisenstein’s Montage Theory Essay Cinema is a visual concept heavily marked by the objective of enterntainment, yet is also an ideology that is subject to a whole universe of theoretical frameworks. Many of it may trace their beginnings to a technique, as with the montage, which in French means â€Å"putting together†. This is the solid base of Russian cinema, more specifically in the montage theory subscribed to by Russian filmmakers. It is defined as a cinematic approach that depends mainly on editing, and the value of cuts in a film. In this revolutionary philosophy in cinema, probably the most recognized name is that of Sergei Eisenstein. Eisenstein was born to Jewish parents in Tsarist Russia in 1898, and was educated in Riga and St. Petersburg. He learned to speak a number of languages fluently, and was urged by his father to follow his path of becoming a civil engineer. Nonetheless, the young Eisenstein already had serious interests in theatre, and spent all of his free time watching films. The Bolshevik Revolution further reinforced his penchant for cinema, as he found himself educating workers, peasants, and troops in remote areas with camera in hand—and a gun in the other. Cinema was then perceived as a weapon by Eisenstein, a belief he would carry with him for the rest of his filmmaking career (Jonas, 1998). II, The Soviet Montage Soviet montage films were defined by its own set of values, not necessarily just techniques, but executed in a specific way. The socialist thinking was obviously present in this style, for individual characters in these films had no place as focal points. Social classes are the main issues, and the role of each character is to represent one. Various organized protests are also common elements of the film’s narrative, echoing the Russian revolution experience. Eisenstein formulated the system that resulted in a Synthesis, starting with a Thesis, followed by an Anti-Thesis—a foundation of the montage that traces its origins to Marxist themes of human history and experience being in perpetual conflict wherein a force clashes with a counterforce; the product of this encounter would be a new idea or concept, something absolutely greater than its origins (Karpenko, 2002). The montage style utilized editing and the resulting film cuts to generate reactions from the audience, usually in ways that defy convention. This contradicts traditional continuity editing, which shows scenes as they happen chronologically or at least in the same time realm; montage cutting produced overlapping or elliptical time relations between cuts. Most exemplary of this technique is Eisenstein’s Strike, where he juxtaposed scenes of two separate characters and time frames via jump cuts. In the series showing a police officer and a butcher, the editing serves a particular purpose—relate the connection between the acts being done by the officer and the butcher, in this case portray the idea that the workers were being slaughtered, just like animals. Eisenstein introduced his theory of intellectual montage, fully at work in this film by showing conflict in the juxtaposition of unrelated shots (Trischak, 1998). Eisenstein called montage a merge of opposites in art, through unity and conflict. He created this theory primarily to go against film tradition, negating the lack of character and stimulus in the logical editing of films. He listed several categories of montage, as well as the purpose of each: 1. Metric Montage. Shots are edited together according to their measured length, and are arranged according to a measure of music. Tension is invariably produced by the combination of short shots and the expected flow of melody or tone. 2. Rhythmic Montage. Compared to metric montage, action is given equal importance as the shot’s length, allowing for occasional conflicts between the montage’s rhythm and movement. An example would be the Odessa steps sequence in Battleship Potemkin, where the shot showing soldiers marching does not match the editing rhythm. This violates all metric requirements, effecting absolute tension and prepares the viewer for the iconic baby carriage scene. 3. Tonal Montage. Generally a level higher than metric montage, this style is created by the specific scene’s emotional tone. Vakulnichuk’s death in Potemkin, somber and sedate, appears in complete contrast to the steps sequence’s fast cuts. With each shot’s length at five seconds, this sequence serves as caesura, or a device to provide transition from the previous scene of violence to the citizens’ angry demonstrations. The similarities between rhythmic and tonal montage can be clearly seen as they both operate via the actions shown within each frame (HATII, 2008).

Shark Conservation Essay -- Sharks Sea Life Animals Essays

Shark Conservation Abstract Arising over 350 million years ago, the shark species has been labeled as a human devourer. Now, with the increase in human population, the demand for shark meat, fins, and cartilage are at an all time high; therefore, the existence of the shark is becoming a concern (Budker 1971). Individuals are conditioned to think of sharks as a negative aspect to the environment, which is prolonging the effort to save shark species from becoming extinct. With that in mind, some private as well as national organizations have accepted the challenge of educating and informing people about the existence of the shark specie and its importance to the sea. Introduction Portrayed as the beast of the sea, the shark species is a cold blooded animal that shows great diversity in size. The largest of the sharks measure up to 13.7 m, while the smallest of the species range from 22-to-25 cm (Ellis 1976). Typically, these creatures of the sea have a fusiform body, that is composed of cartilage, which is capable of reducing drag and the amount of energy needed to swim (Ellis 1976). Their countershade coloration allows the species to blend in with both the dark depths and the light surfaces of the sea (Ellis 1976). These beautiful dwellers of the sea also possess rigid fins that are supported by cartilaginous rods. All together the shark has five different types of fins: the paired pectoral fins, are used to lift the shark as it swims, the paired pelvic fins stabilize the shark, the one or two dorsal fins also stabilize the shark, a single anal fin provides stability in species where it is present, however not all sharks have the anal fin, and the caudal fi n which propels the shark (Lineaweaver and Backus 1970). The sharks head structure consist of lateral eyes, a ventral external nose, and a mouth that is ventrally located at the tip of the snout. Some species possess an eyelid like structure called a nictitating membrane, which helps in protecting the eye from being injured when prey are thrashing around, and a nasal barber, which are sensory projections near the nasal (Lineaweaver and Backus 1970). In the mouth, teeth are modified, enlarged placoid scales. Having numerous rows of teeth attached at their bases by connective tissue, sharks have rows of replacement teeth that are continually developed behind the outer row. As the functio... ... feeling to the slaughter of the shark species. Therefore, with positive education as an antidote to false and negative publicity the battle to save the endangered shark will be possible. In order to win the battle of losing the shark, the support of the general public will be needed to achieve this goal. Work Cited Baldridge, H.D. 1974. Shark Attack. Berkely Pub. Corp., New York. 263 Baldridge, H.D. 1988. Shark aggression against man: beginning of an understanding. 74(4):208-217 Budker, Paul. 1971. Life of Sharks. Columbia University Press. 10-18pp. Davies, D. H. 1966. About Sharks and Shark Attack. New York Hobbs, Dorman. 240-255 pp. Ellis, Richard. 1976. The book of Sharks. New York Grasset and Dunlap. 110-130 pp. Lineaweaver, T. H., and R. H. Backus. 1970. Natural History of Sharks. Philadelphia and New York. 23-40 pp. Martin, M. 1985. The shark: more threatened than threatening. Sea Frontiers. 31: 296-303. Perrine, D. 1999. Sharks and Rays of the World. Voyageur Press, Stillwater, Minnesota. 132 pp. Woums, J., and L. Demski. 1993. Reproduction and Development of Sharks, Skates, Rays and Ratfishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 38(1): 270. Shark Conservation Essay -- Sharks Sea Life Animals Essays Shark Conservation Abstract Arising over 350 million years ago, the shark species has been labeled as a human devourer. Now, with the increase in human population, the demand for shark meat, fins, and cartilage are at an all time high; therefore, the existence of the shark is becoming a concern (Budker 1971). Individuals are conditioned to think of sharks as a negative aspect to the environment, which is prolonging the effort to save shark species from becoming extinct. With that in mind, some private as well as national organizations have accepted the challenge of educating and informing people about the existence of the shark specie and its importance to the sea. Introduction Portrayed as the beast of the sea, the shark species is a cold blooded animal that shows great diversity in size. The largest of the sharks measure up to 13.7 m, while the smallest of the species range from 22-to-25 cm (Ellis 1976). Typically, these creatures of the sea have a fusiform body, that is composed of cartilage, which is capable of reducing drag and the amount of energy needed to swim (Ellis 1976). Their countershade coloration allows the species to blend in with both the dark depths and the light surfaces of the sea (Ellis 1976). These beautiful dwellers of the sea also possess rigid fins that are supported by cartilaginous rods. All together the shark has five different types of fins: the paired pectoral fins, are used to lift the shark as it swims, the paired pelvic fins stabilize the shark, the one or two dorsal fins also stabilize the shark, a single anal fin provides stability in species where it is present, however not all sharks have the anal fin, and the caudal fi n which propels the shark (Lineaweaver and Backus 1970). The sharks head structure consist of lateral eyes, a ventral external nose, and a mouth that is ventrally located at the tip of the snout. Some species possess an eyelid like structure called a nictitating membrane, which helps in protecting the eye from being injured when prey are thrashing around, and a nasal barber, which are sensory projections near the nasal (Lineaweaver and Backus 1970). In the mouth, teeth are modified, enlarged placoid scales. Having numerous rows of teeth attached at their bases by connective tissue, sharks have rows of replacement teeth that are continually developed behind the outer row. As the functio... ... feeling to the slaughter of the shark species. Therefore, with positive education as an antidote to false and negative publicity the battle to save the endangered shark will be possible. In order to win the battle of losing the shark, the support of the general public will be needed to achieve this goal. Work Cited Baldridge, H.D. 1974. Shark Attack. Berkely Pub. Corp., New York. 263 Baldridge, H.D. 1988. Shark aggression against man: beginning of an understanding. 74(4):208-217 Budker, Paul. 1971. Life of Sharks. Columbia University Press. 10-18pp. Davies, D. H. 1966. About Sharks and Shark Attack. New York Hobbs, Dorman. 240-255 pp. Ellis, Richard. 1976. The book of Sharks. New York Grasset and Dunlap. 110-130 pp. Lineaweaver, T. H., and R. H. Backus. 1970. Natural History of Sharks. Philadelphia and New York. 23-40 pp. Martin, M. 1985. The shark: more threatened than threatening. Sea Frontiers. 31: 296-303. Perrine, D. 1999. Sharks and Rays of the World. Voyageur Press, Stillwater, Minnesota. 132 pp. Woums, J., and L. Demski. 1993. Reproduction and Development of Sharks, Skates, Rays and Ratfishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 38(1): 270.

Aldous Huxley

The author Aloud Huxley Illustrates how the use of Lies has the ability to make a society appear as though it Is actually perfect. In the novel Brave New World Sir Thomas Moore states the root of what is thought to be a perfect society but clarifies the one misconception, its existence. â€Å"Utopia is sometimes said to mean ‘no place' from the Greek ‘O Topic' but others derive it from ‘e' as in ‘eugenics', in which case it would mean ‘healthy place' or ‘good place'. Utopia, may have been punning: utopia is the good place that doesn't exist. Sir Thomas Moore (Brave New World. 2007) Philosopher, Sir Thomas Moore states that Utopia, which Is the ultimate place of happiness, doesn't exist; this may foreshadow that the entire premise of the body is a lie. The idea of happiness and perfection is a positive outlook, it allows for unity and stability within a society, which would be ideal. In reality, perfection is unattainable and genuine happiness may not always be a possibility for some yet the government continues to convince civilization that everything Is okay and nothing Is ever wrong.Exposure of weakness, flaws and Impurities allow other to take advantage and story the success and stability created solely on happiness. The thorough use of the great words of a philosopher, the author demonstrates how happiness cannot coexist with truth; happiness exists truth exists but never in the same instance as it is impossible to live perfectly, life is unpredictable, and uncontrollable.Mustache Mood proves that there was one a world where the honest truth and natural beauty were the mall objectives of the government In this society yet the need for control, stability, greed and power eliminated the Individuality It had once acquired. Truth ND beauty are Indeed desirable qualities, faulty but aesthetically appealing and therefore Mustache Mood would argue that it is simply unpractical. Whereas comfort and happiness are not always desir able, requiring sacrifices for the greater good, artificially made it is less faulty and provides long-term success.The future is guaranteed with a man-made society, claimed Mustache, with God and religions tomorrow Is never guaranteed, hence â€Å"Our Ford† as opposed to ‘Our Lord†. â€Å"Our Ford himself did a great deal to shift the emphasis from truth and beauty to comfort and happiness. Universal happiness keeps the wheel steadily turning; truth and beauty can't. And, of course, whenever the masses seized political power, then it was happiness rather than truth and beauty that mattered. † (Brave New World. 007) Mustache illustrated that happiness cannot be left up to chance believing in a higher power that one cannot see with the natural eye is allowing too much freedom and creatively the beauty of God would ultimately upset the perfectly ordered society. The possess. Thus, â€Å"Our Ford† has eliminated the aspect of truth by be ridding the bea uty for comfort and happiness, and the cost of individuality creating one mass of a unman society without a single independent thought of their own. In this sense the government had created a false sense of happiness within the society.Happiness is viewed differently by all, many have different ways to go about attaining and maintaining it but regardless of how one may define it, it has the same effect on everyone by providing inner peace and comfort though when it is found in all honesty it is most enjoyable. Freedom and isolation have the ability to create happiness yet the use of isolation creates a world in which false happiness is acquired. To be a unique individual is freedom, freedom of scrutiny, to be different ND separated is ignorance.In the novel Island by Aloud Huxley the author uses a person of authority to convince his society that there is only one happiness and individuality does not play a role in this one happiness. â€Å"But still, high or low, true or false, hap piness is happiness and freedom is most enjoyable. ‘First because it simply isn't possible for Pal to go on being different from the rest of the world. And second, because it isn't right that it should be different' ‘Not right for people to be free and happy? Once again the Rain said something inspirational about false happiness and he wrong kind of freedom. (Island 2009) The island of Pal is an ideal society, stable in its government with the Rain as their person of authority. While the Rain believes in truth and happiness, whereas others believe that in order to find happiness in life sacrifices must be made and that happiness cannot coexist with truth. The truth is that there is a world and an alternate society besides the one on Pal although these civilians live in the belief that their island is different and inferior to others as a result of this, false happiness and stability that has been created on this island.To create and stabilize a society requires levels of authority and power in order to produce the results a perfect society should desire. The adaptation of an alternate ego to produce well with the use of evil is proof that although one may have the ability to experience happiness it is only apparent in the absence of truth. â€Å"The Yogi and the Stoic -two righteous egos who achieve their very considerable results by pretending systematically to be somebody else, even someone supremely good and wise, that we can pass from insulated Manicure-hood to Good being. â€Å"(lagans 2009)Figuratively, these egos act as opposing forces for good and evil the false and genuine aspect of happiness. Truthfully one may desire to acquire a positive product yet deceit result in a false sense of happiness. Happiness creates stability within a society, truth provides uncertainty within a society. The use of lies creates the perfect balance of good and evil creating â€Å"utopia† and demonstrating that happiness cannot exist with truth as a m ain faction. Sacrifice, the surrender or destruction of something prized or desirable for the sake of something considered as having a higher or more pressing claim.The ultimate sacrifice in the in the new world of England is the sacrifice of self and personal preferences in order to tend to the greater being, civilization. In Brave New World the author demonstrates his use of inhuman sacrifices in order to provide the stability of life the world controllers had desired for them and eternal happiness. ‘And that', that is the secret of happiness and virtue -liking what you've got to do. All conditioning aims at that: making people everything is man-made, from their human embryo itself, to the way of living to the feelings and emotions that one has towards life and its purpose for them.Everyone lives under a specific â€Å"Caste† which determines their career and social popularity for the rest of their lives and which forces them to make sacrifices that they claim to enjo y because â€Å"everyone needs everyone†. At a point these sacrifices become irrational and inhumane although the actual living civilians are essentially brainwashed to prevent them from opposing. The general society is happy, but their minds are not aware of the inhumanity the government forces them to act on. It is an act of power abuse if the deceit in the happiness which is falsely acquired.Science is he art in which the power and the high level of superiority of the new society is developed on, it created it removed religion claiming it as the truth and the force of corruption. Happiness came at all costs in which science was the cost and ultimately might be the cause of the ruin of their newly found happiness. â€Å"l rather regret the science. Happiness is a hard master-particularly other people's happiness. A much harder master, if one isn't conditioned to accept it unquestioningly, than truth. † One can't consult one's own preference.I'm interested in truth, I like science. But truth's a menace, science is a public danger. As dangerous as it's been beneficent. † (Brave New World. 2007) The advancement of science had been so great in society that it allowed them to make a breakthrough creating the alternate universe in which only happiness existed. The sacrifice of the â€Å"mother art† was made due to the fact that if and being had the mental capacity to become more knowledgeable about this utopia than the creators themselves it could cause an uprising in the world.Those wanting to be happy experienced happiness and other yearning for the knowledge and power of art were removed from the society in order to only portray the good and not the vile. The truth of the society was never fully displayed thus happiness was only gained in the lies that the government displayed. Pleading insanity is a sacrifice, it is a sacrifice of one's former being and sanity, and a commitment from then on in life. While everyone is born with it, it may not always be necessary that one would actually have to accept it and claim to live with it.In the novel Island a certain influential character states that everyone is insane in the eyes of God and in order for the masses to remain happy they would need to except their insanity and live with it. Everyone should stick to the insanity that God has seen fit to curse him with. Peace Fortier -that was Lather's advice. But make a point of sinning your own sins, not someone else's. And above all don't do what the people of this island do. Don't try to behave as though you were essentially sane and naturally good. We're all demented sinners in the same cosmic boat -and the boat is sinking. (Island 2009) In the world every individual aspires to reach perfection or at least some level of it, yet in this novel every person is categorized and placed at a level while one can be put in the sights level one may not attempt to surpass it this is deemed an act of defiance. It is inhumane sacrif ice to repress the individuality and knowledge only few are born with. Other may be happy, but the belief that everyone is the same and everyone needs everyone is false, it is not an agreed statement it is a trained. Possession and power are a privilege in the mind of those who attain it, it is granted to them from a higher source.Society is a pyramid, in the way that everyone belongs to everyone and strings, and so, give them the power to pull ours. † (Island 2009) A god is a power above that one may seek for guidance, go to for Judgment, or simply inner peace. It has become a sacrifice to be associated with powers this is, inhumanely in the sense that one must devote their entire being simply to receive peace and happiness. The truth is that these homemade gods serve to have no more power than we who have created them yet in false belief and hope that one created we trust that this is a fact.Happiness is the only certain truth, the necessity of human possession sacrifices is however not true. The mind is a delicate yet powerful muscle attaining information, attaining information for years on end, developing and creating facts and assumptions, this in which many see the opportunity to take advantage of. Brain washing and feeding the brain incorrect or factual information, teaching them ways of practice that may not be 100% legitimate but beneficial for those teaching it. â€Å"We condition the masses to hate the country,† concluded the Director. â€Å"But simultaneously we condition them to love all country sports.At the same time, we see to it that all country sports shall entail the use of elaborate apparatus. So that they consume manufactured articles as well as transport. Hence those electric shocks. † (Brave New World. 2007) â€Å"Conditioning† is one of the key terms the world controllers use as a code term for brainwash. It is a method in which the mind is conditioned to learn and develop certain beliefs based on the caste th ey are set in. It is a corruption of the government and the great power in which they do have over the population mass in order to create the happiness they wish for.The happiness is gained through the use of conditioning the civilians, although as they are unaware they are essentially being brain washed it isn't truthful in any sense. Having the freedom to be as one may please is happiness, it is truth; whereas constantly being controlled is not. The perfect society is demanding and controlling, it is necessary in order to be stable and sustainable. The corruption lies in the transfer of power where the authority expands from stability to simply mind-controlling. â€Å"But how useful! I see you don't like our Bazookas Groups; but, I assure you, they're the foundation on which everything else is built.They're the gyroscope that stabilizes the rocket plane of state on its unswerving course. † The deep voice thrillingly vibrated; he gesticulating hand implied all space and the onrush of the irresistible machine. Mustache Mood's oratory was almost up to synthetic standards. † (Brave New World. 2007) The Bazookas Group is a method that the ruler Mustache used to create the balance and the stability within the society, however it is the extent in which he used it to and the brainwashing he used to maintain the utopia he had achieved with such great pride.He had created happiness, yet falsely acquired, it was as though the people of England were a simulation with no real personalities to points of conflict, and there was no reason for their society to no be happy. He had corrupted it until the point that their society of individuals were living but they had had no real life of their own. The world itself, apart from society has basic needs, needs that sustain it and allow it to be prosperous over years to come. A world without its basic needs is incomplete if it never had them, or corrupt if they were taken away.In the novel Island the author happiness. â€Å"Armaments, universal debt, and planned obsolescence – those are the three pillars of Western prosperity. If war, waste, and moneylenders were abolished, you'd collapse. And while you people are over consuming the rest of the world sinks ore and more deeply into chronic disaster. † (Island 2009) While the society may by happiness and in a sense â€Å"flawless†, they obtain countless flaws that are actually masked and hidden in order to maintain the image that Mustache Mood aimed to create.The corruption of basic human need and social habits and occurrences provides happiness for those who wish to live in perfect peace, yet it also provides a hidden lie and proves that truth and happiness may not coexist in this society. The idea that pain and all things negative is an avoidable state is irrational, it is impossible in reality. Yet somehow the attempt to create a society in the absence of that in order to create happiness. In utopia the government is corrup tion enough to believe that if the right alterations are made to the human society that happiness may be achieved.In the novel Island the author demonstrate that if one were to be honest perfection would not exist. â€Å"One third, more or less, of all the sorrow that the person I think I am must endure is unavoidable. It is the sorrow inherent in the human condition, the price we must pay for being sentient and self-conscious organisms, aspirants to liberation, but subject to the laws of nature and under orders o keep on marching, through irreversible time, through a world wholly indifferent to our well-being, toward decrepitude and the certainty of death.The remaining two thirds of all sorrow is homemade and, so far as the universe is concerned, unnecessary. † (Island 2009) Pain is inevitable, happiness is a choice; the corruption of a society simply lies in the act of one figure attempting the alter life and its natural order. While sorrow may be unnecessary it is still a part of life, everything in life whether positive or negative impacts your life in one way or another. The use of irruption, declaring that pain is unnecessary is a false claim, as everything one experiences reflection on their life in a positive way whether it be indirectly or directly.

Steps to Improve Your Test-Taking Experience

When taking tests it is very important for you to know and understand first, the different kinds of test questions you may encounter and second, how you can help maximize your potential of doing much better by knowing a few simple skills to help you master whatever test you may be faced with. The three most common different kinds of tests include but aren't limited to; matching, multiple choice and essay tests. In the next few body paragraphs you will learn simple skills that will help you understand how to master each test as well as other general information that can assist you when taking any kind of test. During any test, first and foremost you must read the directions very careful. The biggest way to eliminate making careless errors is to fully understand what the questions are asking and to follow all instructions. We will first discuss matching tests and the skills needed to take them. During matching portions of tests it is very easy for a student to become discouraged and distracted because of the level of knowledge it seems to take to answer these test questions. One good thing to remember about matching questions however is that most matching questions are usually broken up sentences, so paying close attention to grammatical clues is key. Also being aware that in most cases a long question is not paired with a long answer. In most cases if the question is long, the answer is short and vice versa. One final helpful hint during matching portions of tests is marking out used answers, this is helpful in eliminating redundancy unless the directions specifically say some answers may be use more than once. Second are multiple choice tests. Multiple choice tests are most common in college courses and require a lot of attention to ensure getting a good grade. Again first, read all directions. If you are unsure about what the test is asking, ask for clarification from the instructor. A good way to begin taking a multiple choice test is to read all of the questions before attempting to answer any questions. Reading through the questions once is a good way to get your mind active and ready to analyze and dissect each question. Once you've read through the questions you are ready to re read the test questions and this time reading all possible answers for each question. Without reading each possible answer and choosing an answer before you know of all that are possible, you are setting yourself up to miss the opportunity to find an answer that may be better than the one you've chosen. When rereading test questions and reading all possible answers it's a good confidence booster to mark â€Å"sure thing† answers first. When you are confidently answering questions you know are true, you are more likely to have more confidence venturing onto questions you may not be sure of yet. After you've marked all of your â€Å"sure thing† answers, you may need to reread the questions and answers a second or third time to review of any questions you may now know the answers to now that you've cycled back once or twice. Only after you've marked all of your â€Å"sure thing† answers will you begin to have to look for clues to answer the remaining questions you are still unsure of. Paying attention to grammatical cues help in many cases as well as divided context (multiple choice questions that may require you to finish a sentence) or differing formats (multiple choice questions that may ask you to identify something that is NOT true, or questions that contain double negatives to confuse the test taker). In cases when you are not sure of an answer and there is an option for â€Å"all of the above†, it is your safest bet to chose this answer. Also when dealing with numbers, such as percentages in statistics, it is usually wise when in doubt to chose the middle term as a possible answer. If you are still unsure of your answer begin by discarding obviously wrong answers first and eliminate answers from there. The third, final and probably hardest test to master is the essay test. Reading and understanding all directions and guidelines is essential, especially in essay tests. In most cases when you first begin an essay test you have many ideas floating around including important facts and/ or possible ideas you want to express in your essay, because essay tests require your undivided attention it's always a good idea to jot down potential ideas you may have so you won't forget them and your mind is free of unnecessary clutter. It's always best to start with the easiest questions first to gain momentum in your test and to jump start your creative thinking process. An important aspect of essay tests is the time limit you are given, It's easy to lose rack of time however not getting you whole essay done or expressing your important points in your essay may be detrimental to the grade of your essay. A good way to ensure you have time to spare is pacing yourself. Another way is to disregard your introduction and/ or conclusion paragraphs a d jump right into the point(s) you are trying to make. Use solid evidence to support your arguments/points and try to avoid personal opinions in you essay. In any kind of test situations, may it be from the ones reviewed above or another, some tips are helpful in every test situation. Making sure your name is on your test may seem like a juvenile point to make but it also shouldn't be the reason for you test to be thrown out or given a failing grade. Understanding an reading all directions is a point that can never be stressed enough as well as understanding the nature of each type of question that is being asked. Starting with the easiest questions and working your way to the hardest is a good way to manage time as well as give yourself the extra boost of confidence needed to shake off the jitters during a test. Never second guess yourself unless you are absolutely sure your second answer is right. Many times when you second guess your first instinct it is out of fear of your test not â€Å"looking right† or out of test anxiety causing you to over analyze your answers. Get clarification if you are unsure about something but be sure to only ask your instructor for clarification, speaking with a classmate can be seen as cheating. Pace yourself to avoid careless mistakes and if you have extra time, use it to double check your answers. By following all of these steps you are sure to have a much more pleasant and relaxing test taking experience.

The battle of Midway essays

The battle of Midway essays I am doing a report on the disease Diphtheria. The definition of the disease is a bacterial disease that affects the throat and can cause serious or fatal complications. It is a serious disease caused by the bacterium. There is a lot of history on this disease. In the late 1800s diphtheria came across western Europe and the United States, it killed thousands of children. The diphtheria characterized by infection is more contagious than the disease characterized by respiratory infection. Diphtheria is a disease of the respiratory system. It causes membranes to grow on the inner throat. Sometimes the membranes release a toxin into the bloodstream(which is poisonous). The membranes clog the air passages then you can hardly breath, most of the time you will die. You should have complete bedrest for two to three weeks. Then a man named Bela Schick came over the Schick test. He discovered that the disease was only to be found in humans. It may sometimes enter and effect the skin. This disease is now rare in most of the world. That is most of the history There are many symptoms that can aware you that you have the disease. You should notice the first symptoms during the first through seventh days after you get it. Some of the first symptoms you sill get are fatigue, a low-grade fever, and a sore throat. Next you will also notice swelling to the neck. Some other symptoms are painful swallowing, nausea and vomiting, chills, bloody, watery drainage from nose, scabbing of nostrils and upper lip, bluish coloration of skin, fever, headache, breathing difficulty, croup-like cough, hoarseness, stridor, drooling, and rapid breathing. Those are most of the symptoms of There are many treatments for Diphtheria. As soon as the disease is suspected diphtheria antitoxin is given as an intramuscular injection. The Disease is treated with ...

Boeing’s e-enabled advantage Essay Example for Free

Boeing’s e-enabled advantage Essay The Boeing Company is a major aerospace and defense corporation, originally founded by William E. Boeing in 1916 in Seattle, Washington. In 2004, it became one of the United State’s largest manufacturers with nearly 160, 000 employees and a net income of $1. 87 billion. It was the world’s largest aerospace company and for decades, had dominated the world’s commercial aviation market. THEIR STRATEGY Their main strategy was to streamline their core processes and to diversify. In streamlining their core processes, Boeing adopted simpler procedures for configuring aircraft to specifications, scheduling, ordering parts and managing inventory. They also diversified and entered into other markets, becoming more agile geographically and becoming less dependent on the highly cycled commercial jetliner market. They also integrated defense systems, Capital Corporation and the commercial airlines. HOW I. T. FACTORED INTO THAT In launching the aforementioned integration and innovative technologies, Boeing needed high end Information Technology expertise. That helped them launch a couple of websites including MyBoeingFleet. com. They also launched the Boeing Connexion and the Airplane Health Management (AHM). They went further and took great strides to understand both the airlines and the airline customers and integrate their business processes with Information Technology. This helped them provide broader services and is the main source of the e-enabled technology mentioned in the case study. This helped them plan and prioritize current and future processes effectively. THE MARKET Their market initially was the United States military which drove their technology but later grew to include commercial airliners. Their commercial airline market rapidly grew to 60% of the market world over and they appeared to have reached the pinnacle of the corporate might. As this happened, the only direction Boeing seemed to be headed was downward due to the emergence of big competitors. THEIR COMPETITION In the commercial airliner, Airbus seemed to be their biggest competition but because of all the technologies they integrated into their business, it was competing in segmented markets against industry giants like Oracle, IBM and Accenture as well as Garmin International and Aero Exchange International but their visionary leadership and their willingness to invest in technology sees them come out on top. THEIR WEAKNESS One of the main weaknesses of Boeing was their inablitiy to meet delivery schedules for airlines. Some airplanes they manufactured were also said to be inefficient but that did not stop them from producing more of those aircrafts which led to the belief that they are out of touch with their customers. Also, their frequent change of leadership could be considered a weakness as that makes them frequently go back to the drawing board to re-strategize. Boeing’s e-enabled advantage. (2016, Aug 07).

George Herbert Mead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

George Herbert Mead - Essay Example generally, which arouse in the individual himself the response which he is calling out in the other, and such that from the point of view of that response he is able to direct his later conduct." The gesture of one individual is his response to the symbols being shown by the society. This is where the reaction of an individual comes from. Symbols always presuppose the ability of each participant in a communicative process to visualize his own performance from the standpoint of the others, to take the role of the others. In nonsymbolic interaction human beings, like animals, respond directly to one another. In symbolic interaction, where they use significant gestures, they interpret each other's attitudes and act on the basis of the meaning yielded by such interpretations. In Mead's work individual responses on the way he sees the society. It is the society that dictates his actions and responses to one another. The society has somewhat really influenced me as an individual. ... rates nonsignificant (unself-conscious) gestures, as found on the animal level, from the significant (self-conscious) gestures that characterize most human intercourse. As an individual I usually act based on intuition. What the situation or the symbols presented to me is my cue as to what my decision would be. I have learned from George Mead writing's that interpretation is important. Interpreting once gesture or symbol would lead to a better communication. However sometimes simple reaction that is not intentionally done would result in problems and wrong interpretation. That makes me think that Mead maybe had a personal experiences on the symbols and action that he has mentioned on his writing. For me what is important is how you convey your message to others. A simple tap on the shoulder of your friend would mean that you are on his side whenever he has a problem. Or others would interpret it differently. Mead had shown me the difference in the reaction of human to non human. Anim als would behave differently than man. Sometimes animals would not show any signs that he is going to attack you, while human can show that he is going to attack by his facial reactions and gestures. The communicative process includes the self conscious adjustment of the person to the conduct of others. The responses to each other conduct would include definition, redefinition and interpretation and reinterpretation. Experience is not first individual and then social. Each individual is continually involved in a succession of joint enterprises with others, which form and shape his mind. Consciousness is not a given; it is emergent. People would blame television and media when something bad happen. This resulted in many survey being done by several organization on the influence of media